Christopher A Schuh, 48Strafford, NH

7425255, Sep 16, 2008

Jun 7, 2005

11/147146

Andrew J. Detor - Somerville MA, US
Christopher A. Schuh - Ashland MA, US

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

C25D 5/18
C25D 3/56

205 81, 205103, 205176, 205238, 205255

Bipolar wave current, with both positive and negative current portions, is used to electrodeposit a nanocrystalline grain size deposit. Polarity Ratio is the ratio of the absolute value of the time integrated amplitude of negative polarity current and positive polarity current. Grain size can be precisely controlled in alloys of two or more chemical components, at least one of which is a metal, and at least one of which is most electro-active. Typically, although not always, the amount of the more electro-active material is preferentially lessened in the deposit during times of negative current. The deposit also exhibits superior macroscopic quality, being relatively crack and void free. Parameters of current density, duration of pulse portions, and composition of the bath are determined with reference to constitutive relations showing grain size as a function of deposit composition, and deposit composition as a function of Polarity Ratio, or, perhaps, a single relation showing grain size as a function of Polarity ratio.

7521128, Apr 21, 2009

May 18, 2006

11/383969

Christopher Schuh - Ashland MA, US
Alan Lund - Framingham MA, US

Xtalic Corporation - Marlborough MA

B32B 5/16
B22F 7/02
B22F 9/02

428546, 428567, 428569

Methods for the use of nanocrystalline or amorphous metals or alloys as coatings with industrial processes are provided. Three, specific, such methods have been detailed. One of the preferred embodiments provides a method for the high volume electrodeposition of many components with a nanocrystalline or amorphous metal or alloy, and the components produced thereby. Another preferred embodiment provides a method for application of a nanocrystalline or amorphous coatings in a continuous electrodeposition process and the product produced thereby. Another of the preferred embodiments of the present invention provides a method for reworking and/or rebuilding components and the components produced thereby.

7910231, Mar 22, 2011

Oct 23, 2007

11/977147

Christopher A. Schuh - Ashland MA, US
Marcelo J. L. Gines - San Nicolas, AR

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

B32B 9/00

428704, 428698

Chromium plating from the trivalent state is relatively environmentally friendly as compared to a hexavalent chromium bath. Incorporation of non-metallic and metalloid elements into the coating should lead to enhanced properties. The relationship between composition, structure, and properties of annealed Cr—C—P layers electrodeposited from chromium-based trivalent baths is discussed. These coatings are amorphous in the as-deposited state, but upon thermal treatments, chromium nanocrystallization, as well as precipitation of carbides and phosphides occurs. Incorporation of phosphorous strongly influences the structural evolution and mechanical properties. Electroplated Cr—C alloy coatings exhibit significant increases in hardness and strength, when exposed to temperatures up to about 600 C. , owing to the evolution of their nanostructure. This evolution can be shifted to higher temperatures (approaching 850 C.

8282746, Oct 9, 2012

Jul 8, 2009

12/499122

Christopher A. Schuh - Ashland MA, US
Jose M. San Juan - Bilbao, ES
Ying Chen - Somerville MA, US

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

C22C 9/01

148402, 148435, 420486

A mechanical structure is provided with a crystalline superelastic alloy that is characterized by an average grain size and that is characterized by a martensitic phase transformation resulting from a mechanical stress input greater than a characteristic first critical stress. A configuration of the superelastic alloy is provided with a geometric structural feature of the alloy that has an extent that is no greater than about 200 micrometers and that is no larger than the average grain size of the alloy. This geometric feature is configured to accept a mechanical stress input.

8445116, May 21, 2013

Nov 27, 2011

13/304672

Nazila Dadvand - Gatineau, CA
Christopher A. Schuh - Ashland MA, US
Alan C. Lund - Ashland MA, US
Jonathan C. Trenkle - Cambridge MA, US
John Cahalen - Somerville MA, US

Xtalic Corporation - Marlborough MA

B32B 15/00
H01R 13/03

428673, 428670, 428672, 428675, 428929, 428935, 429886, 429887

Coated articles and methods for applying coatings are described. The article may include a base material and a coating comprising silver formed thereon. In some embodiments, the coating comprises a silver-based alloy, such as a silver-tungsten alloy. The coating may, in some instances, include at least two layers. For example, the coating may include a first layer comprising a silver-based alloy and a second layer comprising a precious metal. The coating can exhibit desirable properties and characteristics such as durability (e. g. , wear), hardness, corrosion resistance, and high conductivity, which may be beneficial, for example, in electrical and/or electronic applications. In some cases, the coating may be applied using an electrodeposition process.

8500986, Aug 6, 2013

Aug 23, 2007

11/844238

Christopher Schuh - Ashland MA, US
Alan Lund - Framingham MA, US

Xtalic Corporation - Marlborough MA

C25D 3/56
C25D 7/06

205255, 205145, 205150

Methods for the use of nanocrystalline or amorphous metals or alloys as coatings with industrial processes are provided. Three, specific, such methods have been detailed. One of the preferred embodiments provides a method for the high volume electrodeposition of many components with a nanocrystalline or amorphous metal or alloy, and the components produced thereby. Another preferred embodiment provides a method for application of a nanocrystalline or amorphous coatings in a continuous electrodeposition process and the product produced thereby. Another of the preferred embodiments of the present invention provides a method for reworking and/or rebuilding components and the components produced thereby.

2006015, Jul 13, 2006

Jan 10, 2005

11/032680

Christopher Schuh - Ashland MA, US
Andrew Detor - Somerville MA, US

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

B32B 15/04
C25D 5/00
C25D 3/66
B32B 17/06

428426000, 428432000, 428469000, 205080000, 205230000

A method for fabricating metal glasses in bulk form uses electrodeposition. Careful control is maintained of: (i) bath chemistry, (ii) deposition temperature; and (iii) electrical plating conditions, such as the current density, for an extended period of time, such as six hours. Composition of electrodeposition liquid is closely controlled, and adjusted when it differs from desired. Monitoring can be active, as by spectrophotometric analysis, or by comparison of time to a calibration table. A dissolving anode can replenish depleted components. Temperature of the liquid is typically maintained within 2 C. Object composition can be, but is not limited to: Nickel (Ni) and Tungsten (W); Iron (Fe) and Molybdenum (Mo); Iron (Fe) and Tungsten (W); Nickel (Ni) and Molybdenum (Mo); Nickel (Ni) and Phosphorous (P); Nickel (Ni), Tungsten (W) and Boron (B); Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni) and Carbon (C); Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Phosphorous (P) and Carbon (C); Cobalt (Co) and Tungsten (W); Chromium (Cr) and Phosphorous (P); Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag); Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn); Cobalt (Co) and Zinc (Zn). Metal glass bulk objects can be electroformed from elements that can not be cast, either due to excessively high melting temperatures, or less than perfect miscibility. Metal glass objects can be unitary, or may include a core of another material. Electrodeposition liquid may be aqueous, alcohol, hydrogen chloride, or metal salt. Useful metal glass objects include but are not limited to at least a portion of: a golf club head; a racquet head, for instance a tennis or squash racquet head; a snowboard; a ski edge; knife blade cutting edge; and many different types of springs.

2009005, Mar 5, 2009

Sep 8, 2008

12/231918

Andrew J. Detor - Somerville MA, US
Christopher A. Schuh - Ashland MA, US

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge MA

C25D 3/56

205238

Bipolar current electrodeposits a nanocrystalline grain size. Polarity Ratio relates the absolute value of time integrated amplitude of negative polarity and positive polarity current. Grain size can be controlled in alloys of two or more components, one of which being a metal, and one of which being most electro-active. Typically the more electro-active material is preferentially lessened in the deposit during negative current. The deposit is relatively crack and void free. Grain size is typically a function of deposit composition, which is typically a function of Polarity Ratio. Specified grain size can be achieved by selecting a corresponding Polarity Ratio. Coatings can be in layers, each having a grain size, which can vary layer to layer and also in a graded fashion. A finished article may be built upon a substrate of electro-conductive plastic, or metal, including steels, aluminum, brass. The substrate may remain, or be removed.