Xiao Y Xu, 63Oakland, CA

6379897, Apr 30, 2002

Nov 9, 2000

09/710200

Elaine M. Weidenhammer - San diego CA
Ling Wang - San diego CA
Xiao Xu - San diego CA
Michael J. Heller - Encinitas CA
Brenda F. Kahl - San Diego CA

Nanogen, Inc. - San Diego CA

C12Q 168

435 6, 435 71, 435 911, 435 912, 4352852, 4352872, 536 221, 536 231, 536 243, 536 2431, 536 2432, 536 2433

The present invention presents methods for gene expression monitoring that utilize microelectronic arrays to drive the transport and hybridization of nucleic acids. Procedures are described for generating mRNA expression samples for use in these methods from populations of cells, tissues, or other biological source materials, that may differ in their physiological and/or pathological state. Provided in the invention are methods for generating a reusable nucleic acid transcript library from mRNA in a sample of biological material. In order to improve gene expression monitoring on the microelectronic arrays, the transcripts are amplified to produce sample nucleic acid amplicons of a defined length. Because multiple sample amplicons may be selectively hybridized to controlled sites in the electronic array, the gene expression profiles of the polynucleotide populations from different sources can be directly compared in an array format using electronic hybridization methodologies. Also provided in the invention are methods for detecting the level of sample amplicons using electronically assisted primer extension detection, and utilizing individual test site hybridization controls.

6492122, Dec 10, 2002

Oct 10, 2001

09/975408

Elaine M. Weidenhammer - San Diego CA
Ling Wang - San Diego CA
Xiao Xu - San Diego CA
Michael J. Heller - Encinitas CA
Brenda F. Kahl - San Diego CA

Nanogen, Inc. - San Diego CA

C12Q 168

435 6, 435 71, 435 911, 435 912, 4352872, 536 221, 536 231, 536 243, 536 2431, 536 2432, 536 2433

The present invention presents techniques useful in methods for gene expression monitoring, and other nucleic acid hybridization assays, that utilize microelectronic arrays to drive the transport and hybridization of nucleic acids. Particularly, methods for normalizing the signals of individual microlocations by the use of an internal control sequence probe are provided. These methods are particularly useful for hybridization assays in which a quantitative comparison of the hybridization of several different sequences at a plurality of microlocations is desired, such as in gene expression analyses.

7192752, Mar 20, 2007

Nov 12, 2004

10/987732

Xiao Xu - San Diego CA, US
Yama Abassi - San Diego CA, US
Xiaobo Wang - San Diego CA, US
Jiangbo Gan - San Diego CA, US

ACEA BioSciences - San Diego CA

C12N 13/00

4351731, 4351734, 4352884, 4352885, 20440303

The present invention includes devices, systems, and methods for assaying cells using cell-substrate impedance monitoring. In one aspect, the invention provides cell-substrate impedance monitoring devices that comprise electrode arrays on a nonconducting substrate, in which each of the arrays has an approximately uniform electrode resistance across the entire array. In another aspect, the invention provides cell-substrate monitoring systems comprising one or more cell-substrate monitoring devices comprising multiple wells each having an electrode array, an impedance analyzer, a device station that connects arrays of individual wells to the impedance analyzer, and software for controlling the device station and impedance analyzer. In another aspect, the invention provides cellular assays that use impedance monitoring to detect changes in cell behavior or state. In some preferred aspects, the assays are designed to investigate the affects of compounds on cells, such as cytotoxicity assays.

7459303, Dec 2, 2008

Nov 10, 2003

10/705615

Xiaobo Wang - San Diego CA, US
Xiao Xu - San Diego CA, US

ACEA Biosciences - San Diego CA

C12M 1/34

4352871, 435 32, 435401, 4352885, 4352975

A device for monitoring the migration or invasion of a biological particle such as a cell is disclosed. The device includes an upper chamber adapted to receive and retain a cell sample, a lower chamber having at least two electrodes, and a biocompatible porous membrane having a porosity sufficient to allow cells to migrate therethrough. The membrane is disposed in the device so as to separate the upper and lower chambers from one another. Migration of cells through the porous membrane permits contact between the migrating cells and one or more electrodes of the lower chamber. The contact provides a detectable change in impedance between or among the electrodes.

7468255, Dec 23, 2008

Aug 4, 2005

11/197994

Xiao Xu - San Diego CA, US
Yama Abassi - San Diego CA, US
Xiaobo Wang - San Diego CA, US

ACEA Biosciences - San Diego CA

G01N 33/574

435 723, 435 724, 435 29

The present invention includes a method of measuring cytolytic activity including providing a device capable of monitoring cell-substrate impedance operably connected to an impedance analyzer, adding target cells to at least one well of the device, adding effector cells to the at least one well, monitoring impedance of the at least one well and optionally determining a cell index from the impedance, wherein monitoring impedance includes measuring impedance during at least one time point before and at least one time point after adding effector cells, and determining viability of said target cells after adding effector cells by comparing the impedance or optionally the cell index at the at least one time point after adding effector cells to the impedance or optionally the cell index at the at least one time point before adding effector cells.

7470533, Dec 30, 2008

Nov 10, 2003

10/705447

Xiao Xu - San Diego CA, US
Xiaobo Wang - San Diego CA, US

ACEA Biosciences - San Diego CA

C12M 1/42
C12M 3/00
C12M 1/36
C12M 1/38
C12M 1/34

4352852, 4351731, 4351734, 4351735, 4351738, 4352872, 4352882, 4352883, 4352884

A device for detecting cells and/or molecules on an electrode surface is disclosed. The device detects cells and/or molecules through measurement of impedence changes resulting from the cells and/or molecules. A disclosed embodiment of the device includes a substrate having two opposing ends along a longitudinal axis. A plurality of electrode arrays are positioned on the substrate. Each electrode array includes at least two electrodes, and each electrode is separated from at least one adjacent electrode in the electrode array by an expanse of non-conductive material. The electrode has a width at its widest point of more than about 1. 5 and less than about 10 times the width of the expanse of non-conductive material. The device also includes electrically conductive traces extending substantially longitudinally to one of the two opposing ends of the substrate without intersecting another trace. Each trace is in electrical communication with at least one of the electrode arrays.

7560269, Jul 14, 2009

Feb 9, 2005

11/055639

Xiaobo Wang - San Diego CA, US
Xiao Xu - San Diego CA, US
Yama Abassi - San Diego CA, US

ACEA Biosciences, Inc. - San Diego CA

C12M 1/42
C12M 1/34
C12M 3/00
C12N 13/00

4352852, 4352884, 4351731, 4351734, 4351735, 4351738, 4352872, 4352882, 4352883

The present invention includes devices, systems, and methods for assaying cells using cell-substrate impedance monitoring. In one aspect, the invention provides cell-substrate impedance monitoring devices that comprise electrode arrays on a nonconducting substrate, in which each of the arrays has an approximately uniform electrode resistance across the entire array. In another aspect, the invention provides cell-substrate monitoring systems comprising one or more cell-substrate monitoring devices comprising multiple wells each having an electrode array, an impedance analyzer, a device station that connects arrays of individual wells to the impedance analyzer, and software for controlling the device station and impedance analyzer. In another aspect, the invention provides cellular assays that use impedance monitoring to detect changes in cell behavior or state. The methods can be used to test the effects of compounds on cells, such as in cytotoxicity assays.

7622507, Nov 24, 2009

Apr 20, 2005

11/110203

Xiao Xu - San Diego CA, US
Haoyun An - Carlsbad CA, US
Xiaobo Wang - San Diego CA, US

Acea Biosciences Inc. - San Diego CA

A61K 31/105
C07C 321/16

514707, 568 25

The present invention provides substituted di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-sulfide compounds and compositions, and methods of using the same for the treatment and/or prevention of a cell proliferative disorder. The present invention also provides methods for preparing trisulfide compounds and compositions.